Islam

Introduction

In the seventh century A.D. Muhammad, thought to be the last prophet in a line that includes Abraham, Moses, the biblical prophets, and Jesus, founded a strict, monotheistic religion in reaction to the polytheism and lawlessness of the existing Arab culture. Within a century Islam had conquered an area greater than the Roman Empire at its height. Today Islam is almost the sole religion of all Arab countries and has major communities in Africa as well.

Muslims reject the title “Muhammadanism,” for Muhammad is thought to be only a carrier of the truth and not divine in any way.

The Koran, for the most part a series of short teachings, is intensely revered by Muslims as the final word of God, the culmination of what was only begun in the Bible. The word Islam refers to the peace that comes from surrender to God.

Shi’ites believe that religious leaders should also be political rulers, whereas the majority of Muslims, the Sunnites, believe in a separation of the two realms. Sufis form the mystical branch of Islam, teaching an arduous path of self-denial culminating in union with God.

God

Allah means “the God,” indicating the radical monotheism of Islam. “We shall not serve anyone but God, and we shall associate none with Him” (Koran 3.64). Any division of God is rejected, including the Christian doctrines of the Trinity and the divinity of Christ. (“It is no meet for God to have children.” [19.92])

The majesty and might of Allah is often portrayed in the Koran, and it is emphasized that his purpose are always serious. Justice is Allah’s most important feature for Muslims.

Allah is also merciful and compassionate, but the mercy is shown mainly in his sending messengers who proclaim the truth of man’s responsibility to live according to Allah’s dictates.